ANNUAL REPORT FLIPPING BOOK.pdf

ZLWQHVVHG VRPH PLOHVWRQHV RQ WKH SDWK WR ZKDW PDQ\ DUH ELOOLQJ DV WKH DOO LPSRUWDQW 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV &OLPDWH &KDQJH &RQIHUHQFH &23 WR EH KHOG LQ 3DULV LQ 'HFHPEHU ,QGHHG LW SUREDEO\ LV JRLQJ WR EH WKH VLQJOH PRVW LPSRUWDQW HYHQW IRU WKH SRVW HUD VLQFH WKH IDLOHG &RSHQKDJHQ VXPPLW RI 7KH FOLPDWH FRQIHUHQFH LQ /LPD LQ 'HFHPEHU PDGH VRPH PRGHVW VWHSV IRUZDUG PDLQO\ LQ setting out a framework for the upcoming negotiations but as ever, serious divisions remain between developing countries DQG GHYHORSHG RYHU ZKR ZLOO DFWXDOO\ IRRW PRVW RI WKH ELOO 7KH DQVZHU WR WKLV TXHVWLRQ PXVW RI FRXUVH WDNH LQWR DFFRXQW who bears responsibility for where we are today, but also take into account the growing emissions of rapidly industrialising GHYHORSLQJ FRXQWULHV ,QGLD LV RIWHQ VLQJOHG RXW DV ZHOO DV WKH more obvious China). 7KH 81)&&& LQ 3DULV LV LQWHQGLQJ WR EH GLIIHUHQW WR .\RWR ZKLFK ZDV YHU\ PXFK D WRS GRZQ SURFHVV 7KLV WLPH *RYHUQPHQWV DUH EHLQJ DVNHG WR VXEPLW WKHLU LQGLYLGXDO commitments in a clear, transparent and understandable ZD\ 7KLV LV GXH WR KDSSHQ E\ $SULO VW DQG LW LV WKHVH commitments that ultimately will be used to formulate the 3DULV 7UHDW\ ² ZKLFK LV WKHUHIRUH LQWHQGHG WR EH D ERWWRP up approach. Whilst this should mean that a legally binding treaty gets agreed, the danger is that it uses the lowest common denominator in order to reach an agreement. However, in many ways – the most important elements of WKH GHDO DUH DOUHDG\ DJUHHG 7KH (8 DQG VXEVHTXHQWO\ &KLQD DQG 86 WKURXJK D ELODWHUDO DJUHHPHQW KDYH DOUHDG\ VHW out their commitments for the post 2020 period (see right). Without these commitments it was widely believed it would be LPSRVVLEOH WR H[WUDFW IXUWKHU DQG DPELWLRXV FRPPLWPHQWV from the rest of the world given these three entities make up DSSUR[LPDWHO\ KDOI RI RYHUDOO JOREDO HPLVVLRQV )LJ Many commentators believe that taken in the round, the DERYH LV XQOLNHO\ WR FRQWULEXWH VXIÀFLHQWO\ WR WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO target of limiting warming to 2 degrees.

EU’s commitment: UHGXFWLRQ FRPSDUHG WR

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China’s commitment: to reach peak carbon emissions by LI QRW VRRQHU 7R UHDFK WKLV goal China has pledged clean energy VRXUFHV ZLOO DFFRXQW IRU RI &KLQD·V WRWDO HQHUJ\ SURGXFWLRQ E\

United States’ commitment: E\ FRPSDUHG WR OHYHOV 7KLV LV GRXEOH WKH SDFH RI reduction targeted for the period 2005–2020.

Commitments from the three largest emitters ahead of COP21 in Paris in December 2015:

Fig 1.2: The top four emitters in 2013 covered 58% of global emissions: 6RXUFH &',$& /H 4XHUH HW DO *OREDO &DUERQ %XGJHW

10

8

CO2 emissions (GtCO2/yr)

28%

CHINA (Growth rate 2012-2014 4.2%)

6

14%

UNITED STATES (Growth rate 2012-2014 2.9%)

4

10%

EU28 (Growth rate 2012-2014 1.8%)

2

7%

INDIA (Growth rate 2012-2014 5.1%)

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